Crop domestication processes
In crop domestication two processes can occur: convergent phenotype evolution that represents the appearance of the same traits in independent organisms, for example different cereal crops and seed dormancy (sometimes not involving the same loci) (Gross and Olsen, 2010); and parallel phenotype evolution , that, like the convergent type there is an appearance of the same trait but in related lineages (Gross and Olsen, 2010). Both processes result either from an unconscious selection, that may be the initial and main source of domestication syndrome, a natural selection resulted from human cultivation; or as opposed, a conscious selection by cultivation and propagation of plants with favored phenotypes (Meyer and Purugganan, 2013; Ross-Ibarra et al., 2007). Another process involved in crop domestication could be polyploidy (genome duplication). Many species known as diploid are paleopolyploids, a study made by Van der Hoeven et al. (2002) indicates this event for several crops, am...